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TIME: Almanac 1993
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1992-09-23
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NATION, Page 18Raining on Baker's Parade
Who said being Secretary of State would be easy?
Secretary of State James Baker is renowned for keeping his
boss out of deep doo-doo and never stepping into any himself.
But Baker's surefootedness was notably lacking last week. In
his first frantic foreign foray as the nation's top diplomat,
the up-close-and-personal touch that has served Baker so well
with Congress and the press did not play very well. And a new
accord by five Central American Presidents caught the Secretary
uncharacteristically off-stride.
Baker's most surprising slip last week was not realizing
that Reagan-era ethical laxity is Out and more rigid Bush-era
ethics are In. Four days after a story broke that he owned
shares (worth $7 million in 1981 and an undisclosed amount
today) in Chemical Bank New York Corp., which has huge loans to
Third World nations, he announced that he would sell them. As
Reagan's Secretary of Treasury, a qualified blind trust (whose
owner knows what assets it contains, though he has no say in
when they are bought and sold) was deemed sufficient. But after
White House ethics chief C. Boyden Gray, who had also run afoul
of the stricter rules, focused the zeal of the newly converted
on the Baker portfolio (and conveniently deflected attention
away from his own problems with the new rules), nothing short
of complete divestiture would do.
Though Baker said the sale of the stock would have his
grandfather "turning over in his grave," this was not a close
call: there is no way for a Secretary of the Treasury to deal
with Third World debt and not significantly affect the fortunes
of Chemical Bank, and there is no way for a Secretary of State
to steer completely clear of the issue. Harvard economist
Jeffrey Sachs pointed out last week that after Baker refused to
accept a Brazilian proposal that would have forced American
banks to write down billions of dollars in debt in 1987,
Chemical's stock rose nearly 40% in six months.
Otherwise, Baker was like someone on an all-you-can-visit
tour, racing through 14 European capitals (not to mention
Ottawa) in eight days. His visit was long enough for him to see
that Western Europe is in the grip of Gorby fever: in response
to Mikhail Gorbachev's disarming foreign policy, leaders there
are awaiting something more substantive in the way of a U.S.
response than the singing of Moscow Nights during the Soviet
leader's White House visit.
Flying into Bonn, Baker vowed to find out "exactly what the
German position is" on a U.S. plan for upgrading 88 Lance
nuclear missiles (range: 80 miles), most of them based in West
Germany, with new longer-range weapons. That is a touchy
subject for West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. Modernization
has become a hot-button issue in German politics, and Kohl
would like to postpone modernizing the weapons until after
national elections in December 1990. Already Kohl's Christian
Democrats have suffered thrashings in six recent local
elections, and his government might not survive an unpopular
pledge to accept new nuclear weapons. Bush will try to nudge
Kohl into a compromise before the NATO summit this spring.
A few more sprinkles fell on Baker's parade when five
Central American Presidents agreed to a plan that would disband
the anti-Sandinista contras now holed up in Honduras in
exchange for new guarantees of democracy by Nicaraguan President
Daniel Ortega. Though Baker had met with the Foreign Ministers
of Honduras and Costa Rica only a week before, the State
Department was caught flat-footed. Spokesman Charles Redman
could only declare, "We weren't at the meeting. We'd like to
find out more about it."
Back in Washington, the revolving door was buffeting Baker's
nominee for Deputy Secretary of State, Lawrence Eagleburger, a
former high-ranking diplomat who most recently was the
$200,000-a-year president of Kissinger Associates. The firm's
global list of clients (including Britain's Midland Bank, South
Korea's vast Daewoo Group and Hunt Oil projects in the Middle
East) is so extensive that he may have to cross off entire
continents to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest.
Eagleburger, who would be in charge when Baker is out of the
country, proposes to solve the problem by recusing himself from
any decision affecting former clients, but that could leave him
with a lot of time on his hands. On top of that, there is
grumbling aplenty along the corridors of the State Department
over Baker's quick appointments of political allies and slowness
to install career diplomats in key positions.
No doubt Baker will have better weeks. It's a mad, mad, mad,
mad world out there, and a Secretary of State can scarcely be
expected to have mastered every corner of it in three weeks on
the job. Up to now Baker has led a charmed official life. It may
have taken a pair of striped pants for him to realize that even
he puts his trousers on one leg at a time.